英语翻译＋英语口译 -  【2007.12.18】科学新闻-关于糖尿病：它是什么，怎样治疗，以及预防的措施

SCIENCE IN THE NEWS - All About Diabetes: What It Is, How It Is Treated, and What People Can Do to Prevent It

科学新闻-关于糖尿病：它是什么，怎样治疗，以及预防的措施

By Nancy Steinbach / Broadcast date: Tuesday, December 18, 2007

由Nancy Steinbach 撰写/广播日期:2007.12.18，星期二

Source: http://www.unsv.com/voanews/specialenglish/

来源：http://www.unsv.com/voanews/specialenglish/

VOICE ONE:

声音1：

This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Faith Lapidus.

这是美国之音特别英语的科学新闻。我是Faith Lapidus 。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

And I'm Bob Doughty. Today, we tell about the disease diabetes. The United Nations World Health Organization says diabetes killed more than one million people around the world in two thousand five. The W.H.O. says the disease was also involved in many other deaths. It warns that deaths linked to diabetes are likely to increase by more than fifty percent in the next ten years without urgent action.

我是Bob Doughty 。今天我们讨论糖尿病。据联合国世界卫生组织消息，2005年全世界范围内糖尿病已经造成超过100万人死亡。世卫组织称，其它很多的死亡也和糖尿病有关。该组织还警告说，如果不采取紧急措施，和糖尿病有关的死亡人数会在未来10年内增长超过50%。

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VOICE ONE:

声音1：

Diabetes is the name for a medical condition in which too much glucose, or sugar, builds up in the blood. Diabetes develops when the body does not make enough of the hormone insulin or makes no insulin at all. It also can develop when the body is not able to use the insulin that is made.

糖尿病是指血液中含有过多的葡萄糖或糖类的病理状况。糖尿病是由于人体内产生胰岛素不足或完全没有产生引起。它也可能是由于人体不能利用制造的胰岛素引起。

The body changes food into a sugar called glucose. Glucose enters the blood and is taken to cells in all parts of the body. Insulin helps the muscles, organs and tissues take in the glucose and change it into energy.

人体将食物转变为一种称为葡萄糖的糖类。葡萄糖进入血液并被运送到全身各处的细胞。胰岛素帮助肌肉，器官，组织利用葡萄糖并转化为能量。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin. When too much glucose is in the blood, the pancreas produces the necessary insulin and sends it into the blood. The insulin reduces the level of blood sugar by letting it enter cells.

胰岛是制造胰岛素的器官。当血液中存在过多的葡萄糖时，胰岛会产生必要的胰岛素并释放到血液中。胰岛素通过促进葡萄糖进入细胞来降低血糖含量。

Diabetes is present when too much glucose remains in the blood and does not enter cells. If the amount of glucose in the blood remains too high, it begins to damage the body.

当血液中存在过多的葡萄糖并且不进入细胞时，便会表现出糖尿病。如果血液中的葡萄糖含量持续很高，它开始对人体产生伤害。

Over time, diabetes can cause blindness, kidney disease, and nerve damage. High glucose levels in the blood also can lead to strokes and heart disease. Blood flow also is affected, especially in the legs. Often, victims of diabetes must have a foot or even a leg removed because of problems linked to the disease. Diabetes patients are more likely than other people to die of heart disease or kidney failure.

长时间的糖尿病会引起失明，肾脏疾病和神经损伤。高水平的血糖也可导致中风和心脏病。血液循环，特别是在腿部，也会因此受到影响。常常有患者因为糖尿病引起的问题而被迫将一只脚甚至整条腿截掉。糖尿病病人比其他人更有可能患心脏病或肾功能衰竭最终引起死亡。

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VOICE ONE:

声音1：

There are two main kinds of diabetes: type one and type two. Type one diabetes generally affects children and young people. It results from a lack of insulin production. The exact cause is not known. But some experts believe the body's defenses against disease for some reason destroy the cells that produce insulin.

糖尿病主要有两种：I型和II型。I型糖尿病通常是在儿童和青少年身上发生。它产生于胰岛素产生不足。更确切的病因还不清楚。但是一些专家相信是人体抵抗疾病的防御机制由于一些原因破坏了产生胰岛素的细胞。

Signs of the disease may develop suddenly. People suffering from type one Diabetes may develop a strong desire for food or something to drink. Other signs are increased production of
liquid wastes, loss of body weight, changes in eyesight and
feeling extremely tired.

糖尿病的症状可能会突然出现。患I型糖尿病的人可能会产生强烈的食欲。其它症状包括尿量增加，体重下降，视力变化和极度的疲劳感。

People with type one diabetes almost always need daily injections of insulin. Diabetes patients must always know their blood sugar levels. When glucose levels are too high, they must use insulin to reduce them. Type one patients must inject insulin every day, often several times. Type two patients may use medicines that help reduce their glucose levels.

I型糖尿病患者几乎都需要每日注射胰岛素。患者必须时刻了解自己的血糖水平。当葡萄糖水平过高时，他们必须使用胰岛素来降低。I型糖尿病患者必须每日注射胰岛素，经常是一天几次。II型糖尿病患者可以使用药物来降低他们的血糖水平。

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VOICE TWO:

声音2：

The World Health Organization estimates that about ninety percent of people with diabetes worldwide have type two. This kind of diabetes was seen only in adults until recently. It is now being increasingly seen in children who are very fat.

据世卫组织估计，全世界大约90% 的糖尿病患者都是II型糖尿病。直到近来这种糖尿病还只在成人中发生。但是现在在过于肥胖的儿童中的出现开始增加。

Most people with type two diabetes are overweight and need physical exercise. Their bodies cannot produce enough insulin to reduce glucose levels in their blood. Or their bodies do not react correctly to the insulin being produced.

大多数II型糖尿病患者体重超标需要身体锻炼。他们的身体产生不了足够的胰岛素来降低血液中的葡萄糖含量。或者他们的身体不能对产生的胰岛素作出正确的反应。

Signs of type two diabetes are similar to those of type one. But experts say many people with type two diabetes have no signs. As a result, the disease may not be recognized until after the patient has already begun to develop medical problems.

II型糖尿病患者的症状和I型患者很像。但是专家说很多II型患者没有明显的症状。因此，在病人已经开始出现病理问题之前，可能认识不到这种疾病。

VOICE ONE:

声音1：

Steve Fuchs is a dental health expert who lives in Washington, D.C. When he was fifty years old, he became concerned about an unusual feeling in his feet. So he went to a foot doctor. The doctor said the unusual feeling could be an early sign of diabetes. He urged Mister Fuchs to seek immediate medical help.

Steve Fuchs 是居住在华盛顿特区的牙科健康专家。当他50岁时，他察觉到自己脚部的异样感觉。所以他去看了足部医生。医生说这种异样的感觉可能是糖尿病的前兆。他敦促Fuchs 先生立即寻求医疗帮助。
The foot doctor was correct. Steve Fuchs was found to have type two diabetes. Steve says he was not really surprised because his father and other family members also had the disease.
足部医生是正确的。Steve Fuchs 被发现患有II型糖尿病。Steve 说他并不感到奇怪，因为他的父亲和其他一些家族成员也患有这种疾病。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

Experts say genes seem to be important in the development of diabetes. They say that about ninety percent of those with type two diabetes have family members who also had the disease.

专家表示基因在糖尿病的发生中很重要。他们说大约90%的II型糖尿病患者有家族成员也患有这种疾病。
In recent years, scientists have found several genes linked to type two diabetes. Some also are linked to being extremely overweight. Medical experts say people with type two diabetes can take steps to help their cells get more glucose from the blood. This can be done with medicine, increased physical exercise and dietary changes.

近年来，科学家已经发现了几个和II型糖尿病有关的基因。一些基因还和体重极度超标有关。医学专家说患有II型糖尿病的病人可以采取几个步骤来帮助他们的细胞从血液中得到更多的葡萄糖。这可以通过药物，增加运动量和改变饮食来实现。

VOICE ONE:

声音1：

Allison Brown is a mother of two young children. She lives with her family in Cleveland, Ohio. She discovered her extremely high blood sugar levels a few years ago after a blood test required by an insurance company. She had
never experienced any signs of diabetes.

Allison Brown 是两个孩子的母亲。她和家人居住在俄亥俄州的克里夫兰。几年前在保险公司要求的体检中她发现自己有极高的血糖水平。她从来没有糖尿病的症状。

Miz Brown says she was fairly surprised to learn the test results. But at the same time she was not shocked because her grandmother and great grandmother also had diabetes.

Brown 夫人说她了解到这个结果时感到相当惊讶。但同时她没有特别的震惊，因为她的祖母和曾祖母也患有糖尿病。

Her doctor immediately treated her with medicine to reduce her blood sugar levels. She began exercising more and changed her diet. Today, Miz Brown takes medicine and eats no carbohydrates or sugar and not a lot of fruit. Carbohydrates such as potatoes, pasta and rice appear in the blood as sugar. And many kinds of fruit enter the blood as sugar.

她的医生立即对她采用药物治疗，降低血糖水平。她开始更多的锻炼并改变了饮食。现在，Brown 夫人服药的同时，不吃碳水化合物或糖类，并少吃水果。碳水化合物，比如土豆，意大利面条和大米，在血液中就表现为糖。许多种类的水果也是以糖的形式进入血液。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

Allison Brown measured her blood sugar levels even more carefully when she became pregnant. She says pregnancy can be dangerous for a diabetic person without medical supervision.

当Allison Brown 怀孕的时候，她更加仔细的测量自己的血糖水平。她说，对糖尿病病人而言，没有医疗监督的情况下怀孕可能会很危险。

She visited her doctors often and had many tests. She also began injecting insulin instead of taking pills to control her blood sugar. She changed back to taking the medicine after each of her children was born.

她经常拜访她的医生，做了很多的检测。同时，她开始用注射胰岛素来代替服药来控制血糖。当每个孩子出生后，她又换回服药。

Miz Brown says it is important for people to measure their blood sugar levels so diabetes can be discovered before it begins to damage the body. She says diabetes changes your life, but you will be healthier as a result of medical treatment.

Brown 夫人说，对人们来说，测量自己的血糖水平很重要，这样可以在糖尿病损伤人体之前发现它。她说，糖尿病改变你的生活，但是有了药物的治疗你可以变得相对健康。

VOICE ONE:

声音1：

Allison Brown knew she had diabetes before she became pregnant. But some women develop unexpected diabetes during pregnancy. This is called gestational diabetes, and usually disappears after the baby is born.

Allison Brown 在她怀孕之前就知道她有糖尿病。但是一些妇女在怀孕期间意外患上了糖尿病。这称为妊娠期糖尿病，通常在产后出现。

Hormones produced during pregnancy slowly stop the action of insulin in the body. Usually, the woman's pancreas is able to produce more insulin to answer this change. If not, sugar levels will increase, and the woman will develop gestational diabetes.

怀孕期间产生的激素缓慢的停止了身体中胰岛素的作用。通常，妇女体内的胰岛可以产生更多的胰岛素来应答。但是如果没有的话，血糖便会升高，妇女就患上了妊娠期糖尿病。

Treatment for gestational diabetes is similar to the treatment for type two diabetes: dietary changes and exercise. Some women also may need to take insulin.

对妊娠期糖尿病的治疗和II型糖尿病类似：改变饮食和锻炼。一些女性也需要使用胰岛素。

Medical researchers say gestational diabetes increases the risk of the developing child having diabetes later in life. Also, women who have had it are at a sixty percent increased risk of developing type two diabetes. But doctors say women can reduce that risk by keeping a healthy weight and exercising.

医学研究者发现，妊娠期糖尿病会增加孩子在未来患糖尿病的风险。患有妊娠期糖尿病的妇女也会增加60%的风险患II型糖尿病。但是医生说女性可以通过保持健康的体重和进行锻炼来减少这种风险。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

Women who develop gestational diabetes know they are at increased risk for the disease. Others who get type two diabetes have no idea they may develop it. That is why medical experts say it is so important for people to get health examinations, because diabetes can be prevented.

患有妊娠期糖尿病的女性知道自己有高的风险患糖尿病。其他患II型糖尿病的人并不知道自己会换上这种病。这就是为什么医学专家认为对人们来说进行健康检查很重要的原因，因为糖尿病是可以预防的。

Doctors have identified a condition they call pre-diabetes. This is when a person has higher than normal levels of glucose in the blood, but not high enough to be considered diabetes.

医生们已经能够鉴定出一种叫做前糖尿病的状况。这是当一个人血液中葡萄糖水平高于正常，但是又没有高到足以认为是糖尿病的时期。

Doctors say people with this condition can reduce the chance of getting diabetes by increasing exercise and eating low-fat foods. At least two kinds of medicine have been shown to be effective in preventing diabetes in people with pre-diabetes.

医生们说这种状况下的人们可以通过增加锻炼和吃低脂食物来减少患糖尿病的机会。至少两种药物能有效预防有前糖尿病的人患上真正的糖尿病。

Doctors say healthy people should have their blood sugar tested every year, especially those with a family history of diabetes. That way, they will have a chance to change their medical futures and prevent or delay the development of diabetes.

医生建议健康人每年都应该检查自己的血糖水平，特别是对于那些有糖尿病家族史的人来说。那样的话，他们可以有机会改变自己的将来和预防或延缓糖尿病的发生。

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VOICE ONE:

声音1：

This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Nancy Steinbach. Our producer was Brianna Blake. I'm Faith Lapidus.

这是由Nancy Steinbach 撰写的科学新闻节目。制作人是Brianna Blake 。我是Faith Lapidus 。

VOICE TWO:

声音2：

And I'm Bob Doughty. Read and listen to our programs at www.unsv.com. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

我是Bob Doughty。在www.unsv.com阅读和收听我们的节目。下周在美国之音特别英语有更多的科学新闻，再次参与我们。

插图：

Doctors say people can reduce the risk of some kinds of diabetes by increasing exercise and eating a healthy diet
医生说人们可以通过增加运动量和健康饮食来降低几种糖尿病的风险

A type 1 diabetes patient prepares her insulin
一个I型糖尿病病人在准备她的胰岛素

People in New Delhi, India, join in a campaign against diabetes on World Diabetes Day, November 14, 2007.
2007年11月14日，印度新德里的人们在世界糖尿病日参加抵抗糖尿病的运动

Zhu Xing,

College of Life Sciences,

Beijing Normal University,

Beijing,

China 100875