ECONOMICS REPORT - Joseph Juran, 1904-2008: A Life of Quality Control
Thu, 22 May 2008
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.
经济报道： 约瑟夫•朱兰(1904-2008)，质量管理的一生。
2008年5月22日，星期四。
这是VOA特别英语的经济报道。
Recently the business world lost a leader in quality control. Joseph Juran died at the age of one hundred and three. He developed ideas that are still important today to improving the quality of products.
最近，商界痛失了质量管理的领袖。约瑟夫•朱兰卒于103岁。他设想的理念对当前改善产品质量仍然重要。
Joseph Juran was born in Braila, Romania. His family came to the United States in nineteen twelve when he was eight. They settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
约瑟夫•朱兰出生于罗马尼亚的巴雷拉，其全家在1912年、他8岁时来到美国，定居于明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯。
He studied electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota. He was also the school champion at the game of chess. After college, the Western Electric Company put him to work on mathematical methods of quality control.
他在明尼苏达大学学习电机工程，他也是学校国际象棋的冠军。毕业之后，西部电器公司分派他研究质量管理的数学方法。
He became interested in the idea he termed "vital few and trivial many." This idea is popularly known as the "eighty-twenty rule." It could mean, for example, that eighty percent of manufacturing problems result from twenty percent of the causes.
他开始对其命名的“重要的少数与次要的多数”这一理念感兴趣。这一理念就是众所周知的二八法则。例如，这一法则可以是80%的制造问题源于20%的原因。
He named it the "Pareto principle," for the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto. A century ago, Pareto observed that eighty percent of the wealth in Italy went to twenty percent of the population.
他称之为“帕累托法则”，以纪念意大利经济学家维尔弗雷多•帕累托。一个世纪之前，帕累托注意到意大利80%的财富集中于20%的人群。
But Joseph Juran came to recognize that he had misnamed this principle. He knew that unequal distribution had long been observed in other areas, not just wealth.
但是，约瑟夫•朱兰意识到其这一法则的命名有误。他认识到，不平衡分配不仅仅在财富领域如此，并且在其它领域也长期如此。
Yet he gave Pareto credit for identifying it as "universal" when, it seemed, he could have taken the credit himself. He could have called it, he said, the Juran principle.
确定这一法则“普遍适用”似乎可归功于他自己，但是，他仍然将其归功于帕累托。他说，他可以将其称为朱兰法则。
In nineteen fifty-one, he published his "Quality Control Handbook." This influential book especially interested the Japanese. He was invited to teach in Japan, and he advised some of its largest companies. The Japanese also had help from another American, William Edwards Deming. The two experts helped Japan became a world leader in quality control.
1951年，他出版了《质量管理手册》。这一影响巨大的手册引起了日本人特别关注。他应邀到日本教学，并且向一些日本大公司提供建议。日本人也从另一位美国人威廉•爱德华兹•戴明获得帮助。这二位专家力助日本成为质量管理领域的世界领袖。
In nineteen sixty-four Joseph Juran published "Managerial Breakthrough." This book formed the basis of several other strategies to reduce manufacturing mistakes and cut waste. Among them are the methods known as Six Sigma and lean management.
1964年，约瑟夫•朱兰出版了《管理的突破》，这本书构成了减少制造错误并降低浪费的其它几个方法的依据，包括众所周知的六西格玛和精益管理等方法。
In nineteen seventy-nine, Joseph Juran established the Juran Institute in Connecticut. It works with organizations that want to improve quality. But the main purpose of the institute, he said, is to improve society.
1979年，约瑟夫•朱兰在康涅狄格州成立了朱兰研究所，与希望改善质量的组织合作。但是，他说，这一研究所的目的是改善社会。
Joseph Juran died on February twenty-eighth in Rye, New York. That was where he lived with Sadie Juran, his wife of eighty-one years.
约瑟夫•朱兰在2月28日卒于纽约州的莱尔。那是与他81年的妻子塞迪.朱兰共同居住之地。
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.
这是由Mario Ritter编写的、VOA特别英语的经济报道。我是Steve Ember。