翻译研讨：2009.3.25 健康报道——新的检测方法能够加速结核病的结果检出

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Tuberculosis killed one million three hundred thousand people around the world in two thousand seven. In addition, almost half a million people who were infected with tuberculosis and with H.I.V. also died. Those were listed as H.I.V. deaths.

2007 年世界范围内，肺结核夺去了 1300000 人的生命。另外，将近 500000 已感染上肺结核和 HIV 的病人也死亡了。这些被列为 HIV 死亡病例。

An estimated one-third of all people are infected with tuberculosis. But the body's natural defenses are usually strong enough to prevent an active case. Even so, the bacteria remain in the body. If the immune system weakens at any point, they begin to spread and then attack.

据估计有三分之一的人被肺结核感染。但是身体的天然防御经常强到足以防止病发。虽然如此，细菌却保留在了体内。如果在某个时候免疫力下降了，它们开始扩散并发作。

The bacteria that cause TB usually settle in the lungs. They spread through the air when the person coughs or sneezes or even sings and talks.

导致结核的细菌常常会迁入肺部。在人们咳嗽或是打喷嚏，甚至是唱歌说话时，细菌会通过空气传播。

One of the most important things is to identify cases quickly --especially drug-resistant cases, which are increasing. The patients need to be kept away from other people and begin treatment as soon as possible. 最重要的事情之一就是快速识别病例 — 特别是数量一直在增长的耐药性病例。患者需要远离其他人并且尽快开始治疗。

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, or MDR-TB, will not get better with antibiotics normally used for tuberculosis. So doctors must use stronger, "second line" drugs when the first ones fail. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, or XDR-TB, will not respond to any of those drugs but might still be treatable.

使用常用于治疗肺结核的抗生素将不会使耐多药物性结核 MDR-TB 病转好。所以医生在“一线”药物失效时必须使用更为强大的二线药物。 严重耐药结核 XDR-TB 不会对那些药物中任何一种起反应，但是 XDR-TB 可能仍是可治疗的。

Now, researchers say they have found a much faster way to identify drug-resistant TB. The study's lead author is Graham Hatfull at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. He says current tests can sometimes take weeks in rural and poor areas of the world. By that time, the patient may already be dead.

如今，研究者称他们已经发现一种识别 严重耐药结核的更为快速的方法。这一研究的主要开创者是宾夕法尼亚洲匹兹堡大学的 Graham Hatfull 。他说当前的方法在乡下或世界的贫穷地区使用时有时需要花数周时间。在这段时间里，病人可能已经死了。

The scientists used viruses called bacteriophages to speed the process. These viruses attack bacteria. The researchers injected them with a gene that produces a green glow of light. They also injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs.

科学家使用被称作抗菌素的病毒来加速这一过程。这些病毒攻击细菌。研究者将能够产生绿光的基因注入病毒。他们也在一些病毒中注入一线抗生素，另一些注入二线药物。

Then they combined the bacteriophages with TB bacteria. If the bacteria glow, it means they are drug resistant. The researchers say a clinic worker could identify the glow with equipment available in many clinics. Test results would not have to wait for the bacteria to grow in a laboratory far away.

然后，他们将抗菌素和结核细菌结合在一起。如果细菌发光，就说明这些细菌是耐药的。研究人员说一个诊所工作人员能够通过使用一种在许多诊所都有的设备来识别出这种光。检测结果将不需要等待细菌在实验室中长时间成长后才得出（大概这是现在方法，耗时）。

For now, the test itself needs more testing. But Professor Hatfull is hopeful this will take months and not years.

眼下，该检测方法本身需要更多的测试。但是这些测试将会花费数月而不是数年， Hatfull 教授对此满怀希望。

Researchers from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York also took part in the study, financed by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The findings appear in the journal PLoS ONE, published by the Public Library of Science.

来自纽约州 Albert Einstein 医学院的研究人员也加入了这项由 Howard Hughes 医学会提供经费的研究。研究成果发表在公共科学图书馆出版的 PLoS ONE 杂志上。

The scientists used viruses called bacteriophages to speed the process. These viruses attack bacteria. The researchers injected them with a gene that produces a green glow of light. They also injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs.

科学家使用被称作抗菌素的病毒来加速这一过程。这些病毒攻击细菌。研究者将能够产生绿光的基因注入病毒。他们也在一些病毒中注入一线抗生素，另一些注入二线药物。

注：

They also injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs

根据上下文的意思，some代表的并不是病毒，而是结核杆菌。

该过程就是常规的药物敏感试验，不同的地方仅在于加入了指示剂，使药敏试验时间缩短。常规的药敏试验需要几天的时间，要等到菌落形成后，才能计算菌落数。该试验方法不同，不用等细菌的繁殖增生，加入会发光的细菌病毒就可以显示结果。

先是对结核杆菌分别加入一线和二线的抗菌素，也就是They also injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs. 然后再加入会发光的细菌病毒。

如果细菌不能被抗菌素抑制，加入的细菌病毒就会和细菌结合而发光，如果细菌被抗菌素抑制了，加入的细菌病毒就无法和细菌结合，就不会发光。

Then they combined the bacteriophages with TB bacteria. If the bacteria glow, it means they are drug resistant. The researchers say a clinic worker could identify the glow with equipment available in many clinics. Test results would not have to wait for the bacteria to grow in a laboratory far away.

然后，他们将抗菌素和结核细菌结合在一起。如果细菌发光，就说明这些细菌是耐药的。研究人员说一个诊所工作人员能够通过使用一种在许多诊所都有的设备来识别出这种光。检测结果将不需要等待细菌在实验室中长时间成长后才得出（大概这是现在方法，耗时）。

study's lead author 或者是study's lead writer 意思都一样，指的是发表文章时，署名的第一位作者。

是否属于先河的开创者，不得而知。

I agreed with what body said.

谢谢简简，看了你的译文，让我收获很多。

个别单词译的不准确，如

The scientists used viruses called bacteriophages to speed the process. These viruses attack bacteria.

科学家们使用称为抗菌素的病毒来加速这个过程。这些病毒会攻击细菌。

bacteriophages 应译成噬菌体

The scientists used viruses called bacteriophages to speed the process.科学家使用被称为噬菌体的病毒加速这个过程。