2009.7.2 教育报道：在美国学习——留学生毕业与就业

教育报道—在美国学习之：留学生及其就业

We answered a question last week about how American college students find jobs after they graduate. Now, we discuss foreign graduates. The process for employing foreign workers in the United States is long. It involves different government agencies. It also involves a hot political issue.

上周我们回答了一个关于美国大学生毕业之后如何找工作的问题。今天我们来谈谈留学生的找工作情况。在美国，雇佣外籍员工的程序很冗长。要涉及一些不同的政府机构。这同时也是一个政治热点话题。

For example, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that President Obama signed into law in February dealt with this issue. It included conditions against foreign workers displacing qualified Americans at companies that receive federal stimulus money.

比如，二月份奥巴马总统签署成法律的《美国复苏和再投资法案》就涉及了这一话题。这一发案包括反对得到联邦激励资金的公司用外籍员工取代合格的美国员工。

Job cuts have slowed in some industries. But the economic downturn has cost millions of jobs and recovery will take some time. Foreign graduates need a job offer to get an H -1B visa. This is a non-immigrant visa for work in the person's area of specialty.

在一些领域中，裁员已经放缓。但是经济衰退已经让数百万人失去了工作，而经济恢复还需要一段时间。有工作的毕业留学生才能拿到H 1 B签证，这个签证是特殊行业人才的非移民签证。

The employer is the one who applies for it. The visa is good for three years and may be extended for another three years. Cheryl Gilman directs visa services at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. She noted that H-1B visas were still available for next year. This tells her that the recession is preventing employers from sponsoring as many foreign nationals as they have in the past.

而雇主就是申请需要这些人才的人。这个签证的有效期是三年，还可以续签三年。洛杉矶南加州大学签证服务的主任Cheryl gilman表示，明年政府还会提供H1B类的签证。而这说明经济衰退使得雇主们不能像过去那样担保那么多外籍人士了。

Sixty-five thousand H-1Bs are awarded each year to graduates with a bachelor's degree. Bill Wright at the Department of Homeland Security says fewer than forty-five thousand applications for these visas had been received as of this week.

每年有6.5万个拥有学士学位的留学毕业生可以得到H1B签证。国土安全局的Bill wright 提到，到本周为止申请这一签证的人数还没到这么多。

There was more demand for twenty thousand other H-1Bs for those with advanced degrees. In addition, thousands of the visas are awarded to other groups, such as university researchers. Amy Ramirez is an administrator at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. She says foreign students who work for their school or at an internship probably have the best chance for a job after graduation.

而为更高学历留学生准备的2万个H1B签证的申请人数已经超过了需求。此外，有数千个签证是为其他人群准备的，如大学研究者等。马里兰州约翰霍普金斯大学的一位主顾 Amy Ramirez告诉我们，在本校工作或者在本校实习的留学生，毕业后最容易找到工作。

She points out that many foreign graduates ask to stay for what is called optional practical training. This lets them accept temporary employment in their area of study for twelve months after graduation.

她指出，很多留学毕业生为了留在学校而申请“选择性实践训练”，这些训练可以让他们能在所处领域得到十二个月的初级职业学习。

Many times, the employer will then apply for an H1B. But Amy Ramirez and Cheryl Gilman both say foreign students should understand that visa rules change often. That can make it difficult to plan ahead for what to do after graduation.

而雇主们多数是在这一期间开始向政府申请H1B签证的。不过Amy Ramirez和Cheryl Gilman都提醒到，签证政策是经常变化的，这使得留学生们的毕业后规划不那么好做了。

It included conditions against foreign workers displacing qualified Americans at companies that receive federal stimulus money.

这句话的翻译我倾向于：这项法案包含反对获得联邦激励费的公司录用外国员工来取代胜任工作的美国公民的内容。。但是句中的condition 怎么翻比较好？

There was more demand for twenty thousand other H-1Bs for those with advanced degrees. 而为更高学历留学生准备的2万个H1B签证的申请人数已经超过了需求。

我觉得这里的意思是否应该是：另外还有20000个H-1B名额的需求是为更高学历人士准备的。