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http://www.unsv.com/voanews/specialenglish/scripts/2009/11/03/0041/
AGRICULTURE REPORT - Group Works to Expand Supply of Cattle Vaccine in Africa
农业报道：国际组织致力于扩大非洲的牛疫苗供应
Each year a million cows in Africa die from East Coast fever. The disease is spread by tick bites. Young cows are most at risk; they can die within days. Farmers and herders can lose up to half or more of their calves to East Coast fever.
每一年，非洲有一百万头母牛死于罗得西亚热。这种疾病是通过俾虫叮咬而传播的。幼年牛最容易被传染。他们几天之内就会死亡。农场主和牧民们会因为罗得西亚热损失一半以上的牛犊，
The disease is widespread in eleven countries. And experts say it now threatens ten million more animals in new areas including southern Sudan.
这种疾病已传播了11个国家。专家们说，他现在正在威胁包括苏丹南部的一些新地区的一千多万头动物。
Researchers first developed an experimental vaccine against East Coast fever thirty years ago. The vaccine works by a process called "infection and treatment." The animals are infected with whole parasites and treated with antibiotics at the same time. This keeps the disease from developing.
研究院们与30年前第一次开发一种针对罗得西亚热的实验性疫苗。这种疫苗由一种叫“感染和治疗”的过程来实施作用。动物们感染了全部的寄生虫，同时用抗生素进行治疗。这样能阻止疾病继续发展。
Controlling East Coast fever has meant a better life in areas that have gotten the vaccine. For example, the vaccine has been available to a group of Maasai herders in northern Tanzania for about seven years. They used to lose three-fourths of their newborn calves each year. Now, most survive. As a result, many people have extra cattle to sell, and use the money to pay for school for their children.
罗得西亚热的控制在一些已经获得疫苗的地区形式好转。比如，在坦桑尼亚北部的马塞族牧民使用疫苗已经7年了。过去，每年有四分之三的新出生的牛犊会失去生命。而现在，大多数都能存活下来。因此，许多人就有更多的牲口去卖，然后用这些钱支付孩子们的学费。
But making the vaccine more widely available -- especially in rural areas -- has been difficult. Farmers have been using supplies produced in the nineteen nineties. Recently there was a shortage. The International Livestock Research Institute made one million doses at the request of African officials. But that supply is only temporary. Another problem is that the vaccine must be kept extremely cold.
但是要将疫苗在更广阔的地区使用特别是在农村地区，还是有困难。农场主们使用的还是90年代生产的疫苗。最近还开始短缺。国际牲畜研究会应非洲官员请求制作了一百万份的剂量。但这只是临时的。另一个问题就是疫苗必须冷冻保存。
Now, the nonprofit Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines is trying to expand production and lower the cost. GALVmed spokesman Hameed Nuru says mobile phones have helped lower some barriers to distribution.
现在，非营利全球牲畜兽医联盟会正在尝试扩大生产，降低成本。GALVmed发言人Hameed Nuru 说，手机的使用帮助减少了对于疫苗分配的阻碍。
HAMEED NURU: "Now, with the advent of cellular technology, most of the people we do reach, such as the Maasai pastoralists, they all have cell phones. And they now call the delivery agent who can now come and meet them at a particular place and do the vaccination for them."
Hameed Nuru “现在随着蜂窝技术的出现，我们调查的大多数人，比如马塞牧民，他们都有手机。现在他们可以打给投递部门，到他们所在的位置给牲畜们进行疫苗接种。
The vaccine is not cheap. But Hameed Nuru says the herders get together to sell a bull and use the money to vaccinate all their animals. They understand that they are getting value for their money: A cow is worth nearly twice as much if it is vaccinated.
疫苗并不便宜。但是HAMEED NURU 说，牧民们聚集起来卖掉一头公牛，然后用所得的钱给所有的动物接种疫苗。他们明白他们正在盈利：一头母牛接种后的价值要翻一番。
A goal is to have local people develop businesses supplying the vaccine.
一个目地就是让地方居民发展生意供给疫苗。
HAMEED NURU: "People are now seeing that they can actually make a business from supplying this vaccine and getting out to the very rural areas where there is a market for this."
HAMEED NURU:人民现在知道了他们可以通过供给疫苗来以此为业，让这些疫苗发送到那些有市场需要的农村地区去。
The efforts are supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the British government.
这是由 Bill and Melinda Gates 基金会和英国政府所支持的。
And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture report, written by Jerilyn Watson with additional reporting by Steve Baragona. I'm Bob Doughty.
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该帖于2009年11月18日被版主推荐为精华帖。
