翻译研讨：2010/02/21 PEOPLE IN AMERICA- Jackson Pollock，他重新定义了美国现代艺术

Today, we tell about the famous artist Jackson Pollock who helped redefine modern art in the United States. Pollock invented a new kind of painting that changed the way the world looked at art.

今天，我会向大家说一位著名的艺术家jacksonpollock.他帮助重新定义了美国的现代艺术 ，并发明了一种新绘画表现形式，改变了世界对艺术的看法.

Until the twentieth century, most paintings were representational. This means that artists "represented" their subjects in a way that was realistic and recognizable. However, during the first half of the twentieth century, artists like Jackson Pollock started to explore other methods of representation.

    直到二十世纪，大多数地绘画都是具象派的，这意味着艺术家们的绘画手法都是采用较现实主义和已被认可的方式来表现的.然而，在二十世纪五十年代，艺术家pollock开始探究其他的表现方式.

When he first began painting, Jackson Pollock painted representational objects such as people and animals. However, he is famous for helping to create a whole new art movement called Abstract Expressionism. An "abstract" image is one where the subject is not represented realistically. Instead, the artist uses color and shapes to suggest the most general qualities of the subject.

    当他最初开始画画的时候，pollock画的都是些例如人物和动物之类实体性的物体.然而后来，他却因为帮助创建发展了一种全新的抽象艺术表现主义运动而变的知名.抽象的绘画是一种不能代表现实主义绘画题材的表现形式.作为代替地，艺术家用色彩和形状来表明大多数整体的特征.

"Expressionism" is a kind of art that expresses feelings and thoughts. Abstract Expressionism is art that shows emotions and ideas through non-representational forms.

‘表现形式’是一种表达情感和想法的艺术.抽象表现主义是一种通过非具象的形式来展示情感和想法的艺术.

In Pollock's most famous works, there is no recognizable subject. His art works are large surfaces of canvas completely covered in different colors of paint. However, Pollock did not start out as a revolutionary painter. He developed the artistic process he became famous for over many years.

   在pollock的最著名的作品里，有一件不被认可的题材作品.他的艺术作品通常是在一张巨大的被不同颜色的颜料所覆盖的帆布上所完成的.然而，pollock并没有作为一个革命性的艺术家而开始去发展。他发展了更具美感的工艺流程，使他在有生之年都很知名.

Jackson Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming in nineteen twelve. He grew up in the states of Arizona and California. Pollock later said that the wide-open land of these western areas greatly influenced his expansive artwork. In nineteen thirty he moved east to New York City where he studied at the Art Students League. There, Pollock spent a few years studying with the artist Thomas Hart Benton who painted images of every day American life. Pollock's early works are similar to his teacher's kind of painting. However, Pollock slowly left this traditional art education behind. 

  pollock1912年出生在怀俄明州的科迪。在亚利桑那州和加州长大，pollock后来说那些西部区域开阔的土地极大地影响了他开阔的艺术作品.在1930年他从东部搬离到了纽约，并在艺术学生联盟里学习.pollock几年内都在那儿跟着描画美国生活景象的艺术家Thomas hart benton学习.他早期的作品与其老师的作品是很相似的.不过，pollock慢慢地脱离了这种传统的艺术教育.

Pollock's work had many other influences. For example, he liked a group of Mexican painters who made murals. Murals are large images that the artists paint directly onto a wall. Some of these painters were working in New York City in the nineteen thirties, so Pollock was able to see them work. Pollock borrowed several methods and ideas from these artists. They included the use of large canvases, the method of freely applying paint and honoring old and new traditions. 

   pollock的作品受到很多人的影响.例如，他喜欢一群画壁画的墨西哥画家.壁画是指艺术家们直接在巨大的墙上作画出的图像.他们中的一些画家也在纽约工作，那时大概是1930年.所以，pollock能看到他们的作品.并且借用了这些艺术家的一些方法和想法.包括使用大的帆布，自由地涂抹颜料的方法及对新旧传统的尊重.

Pollock was also influenced by the Spanish artist Miro. Miro was part of a movement of surrealist painters. Surrealist artists thought that true art comes from a part of the mind called the unconscious. The unconscious controls the area of the mind that produces dreams. Pollock agreed with these artists that the unconscious mind was an important force in creating art.

   pollock也同样受到了西班牙艺术家miro的影响.miro是超现实主义画家运动的一部分.超现实主义的艺术家觉得真正的艺术一部分是来源于潜意识的一种感触.潜意识控制着大脑对梦想的产生.pollock很赞同这些艺术家认为无意识的想法对创作艺术极其重要的这一观点.

Also, when he was in his late twenties, Pollock suffered a mental breakdown. It was caused in part by depression and dependence on alcohol. As a result, he was treated by a Jungian psychoanalyst. This is a special kind of expert in emotional health who works to understand the unconscious mind, dreams, and emotions. Pollock was influenced by this kind of investigation of human relations and emotions. This "inside world" would become the subject of his paintings. 

   此外，在他后来的20年，pollock的精神出现了一些疾病，这很大一部分上是因意志消沉和依赖于酒精所导致的.因此，他被送到精神分析学家那儿治疗.他是一个很特别的工作于了解潜意识的大脑.梦境及情感的心理健康专家.pollock也被这种人类关系和情感的研究调查所影响.这种‘内心世界’
变成了他之后的画的主要题材.

In nineteen forty-four, Pollock married Lee Krasner who was also a skilled Abstract Expressionist painter. The next year they moved to East Hampton, a small town on Long Island in the state of New York. The couple wanted to get away from the busy life of New York City. In this country environment they could enjoy nature and have more time to work on their art.

   1944年，pollock与和他同样的抽象派画家lee krasner结婚.之后他们搬到了东部的hampton.在纽约州上的一个长长地小岛小镇.这对夫妻想远离纽约的繁忙的生活方式.在这个地方，他们能尽情地享受大自然，并且有更多的时间去创作他们的艺术作品.

Next to their house Pollock set up a studio building where he could create his artwork. In this large studio Pollock created the paintings that would make him famous. 

   pollock在他们的房子里建了一个让他能够创作艺术作品的画室.在这间巨大的画室里 ，pollock作下了使他非常有名的作品.

During these years Jackson Pollock started to paint in a completely new way. He created art that was very physical. In fact, his method is sometimes called "action painting". Most artists painted on a surface that stood upright or vertical. But Pollock put his large canvases on the floor so that he could move around all four sides of his work. He also used very liquid paints so that he could easily drop the paint onto his canvases. This "dripping" method allowed him to make energetic works. 
  在那些年中，pollock着手开始了一种完全崭新的绘画方式.他作出的作品都是很自然的。事实上，他的方式有时候被叫做活动的画法.大多数艺术家都是在垂直的画布表面上作画。而pollock把巨大的帆布放在地板上，以便于他在作画时能在四周自由的移动.他用非常液态的颜料以便于他能很容易的将颜料滴到犯不帆布上去。这种‘滴画’的方法使他的作品更加具有有生命力.

His paintings are explosions of curving lines, shapes and colors. In his art you can see every movement that his arm made. You can see how he had to move his body around the canvas. Videos of Pollock painting show this process, which looks like a painterly dance. 

   他的画因形状.色彩.曲线的给人一种爆炸感 。在他的艺术里，你仿佛可以看到他手臂在画上的每一次转动所产成的痕迹.你还仿佛可以看到他为了作画是怎样在画布周围移动着他的身体的.pollock的作画视频展现了这一看似在画中舞动的过程.

Unlike other artists, Jackson Pollock did not plan the way he wanted his paintings to look. Many artists plan their works by making small drawings before painting. Pollock developed what he called a "direct method," applying the paint directly onto an empty canvas. He painted by following his immediate thoughts and emotions. Pollock combined careful movement with exact color and line. Though his paintings appear accidental, they required careful control. 

   不像其他的艺术家，pollock从不打算想要他的画似乎有可能成为什么.许多艺术家在作画之前都会画一个小小的草图。pollock发展了这种被他叫做‘直接方法’的作画方式。 直接的将颜料涂在空白的画布上.他的画常常是他随即的想法和情感的一种表达。pollock小心的结合了精确的色彩和线条的画法.虽然他的画看似是意外之举.但他却是很小心的控制着画面.

Here is a recording of Pollock describing his way of painting. It was taken from a movie the British Broadcasting Corporation made about the artist in nineteen ninety-nine. 

  这里有一个描述他作画方法的记录。来自1999年BBC制作的一个电影视频.

JACKSON POLLOCK: "Sometimes I use a brush but often prefer using a stick. Sometimes I pour the paint straight out of the can. I like to use a dripping, fluid paint. A method of painting is a natural growth out of a need. I want to express my feelings rather than illustrate them." 

 Jackson pollock；’有时候我用画笔，但我更喜欢用树枝条.有时候我把颜料从壶里直接倒出.我喜欢用液态的颜料滴在布上。绘画的方式是一种自然的超出需求的延伸.我喜欢表达我的情感远胜于去解释说明他们。

As Pollock said, he wanted to create art that was a visual representation of the motion and energy of his "inside world." He was once asked why he did not paint pictures of objects people could identify. He answered that if you wanted to see a flower, you could go look at a real one. He said that what interested him was not outside objects. 

  正如pollock所说的，他想创作出一种能反应他内心世界情感和力量的视觉表现形式.他曾被问到，为什么不画一些人们很容易就能识别看懂的事物.他回答说，如果人们想要看一朵花，他可以直接去看一朵真正的花的实物.他说让他感兴趣的并不是外表的那些事物.

Pollock's works were both praised and criticized. His paintings were in several shows in galleries in the middle nineteen forties. However, Pollock did not produce his fully abstract "drip" paintings until later. In nineteen-fifty, the public saw these works at Betty Parson's Gallery in New York. Some art critics said this was one of the best shows of the year and that Pollock was one of the greatest painters in America. Others did not understand his work. One critic said that Pollock's art showed chaos -- complete disorder without any method. 

    pollock的作品是褒贬不一的。1940年，他的画在画廊的数个秀中展出.这里是他非常有名的作品，叫做‘lavender mist’。这幅画现在挂在波士顿的国家艺术画廊里.它完美的代表了pollock对作品的兴趣所在。画的尺寸超过20米宽，几乎有30米长.画面上的小河被黑白灰及棕黄粉色的颜料所覆盖.这些色彩和线条使得画充满了视觉冲击力。

Today, Pollock's works sell for millions of dollars. But only one painting sold at this show. It was a famous work called "Lavender Mist". This painting now hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. "Lavender Mist" represents perfectly what was so interesting about Pollock's work. The canvas is more than two meters tall and almost three meters long. The entire surface is covered in small rivers of white, black, grey, yellow, brown and pink paint. These colors and lines create a painting that is full of visual energy. 

Interestingly, there is no lavender, or light purple, color paint in this work. One of Pollock's friends suggested the name because the many other colors of paint created an atmospheric effect that looked like lavender mist. Usually, Pollock would simply name his paintings with a number and a date. He did not want the titles to explain to viewers what to see when they looked at his work. 

   非常有趣地是画上没有薰衣草 ，或是似于紫色的颜色涂画在这个作品上.这是一个pollock的朋友向他推荐了这个名字，因为画上许多颜色的颜料创作出了一个气态似的渲染，让它看起来像是紫色的迷雾般.通常，pollock会简单的用数字和日期来命名他作品的名字.他不觉得一个简单标题就能向那些观看他作品的人解释出其画的意义.

With paintings like "Lavender Mist" Jackson Pollock helped introduce the world to a whole new way of painting and thinking about art. But he did not live very long. He died in a car accident in nineteen fifty-six at the age of forty-four. 

   pollock用lavender mist 向世界介绍了一种全新的绘画类型和对艺术的看法.但是他没有活很久，在1956年他44岁的时候因为一场意外的车祸失去了生命.

The home in East Hampton, New York where Jackson Pollock lived with his wife Lee Krasner is now a museum. At this special place you can see the rooms where these artists lived. Most importantly, you can see the studio where Pollock and Krasner created their work. On the floor of the studio is the evidence of years and years of Pollock's thrown paint. The floor looks just like one of Pollock's paintings.

  在纽约hampton的东部，pollock与其妻子lee的家现在变成了博物馆.在这个特别的地方，你可以看到这2位艺术家生活的房间。更重要的是，你能看到pollock和lee作画的画室.画室里的地板上的颜料痕迹就是pollock日日夜夜挥洒颜料不断作画的最好证据.地板看起来就好像pollock的又一副画作.

Experts say this museum is a cultural treasure. It is the place where Jackson Pollock helped introduce the world to Abstract Expressionism. Pollock helped break the traditional rules of representation and established America as an important center for modern art. 

  专家说这个博物馆是一个文化的宝藏.是一个向全世界介绍其抽象表现主义的地方.pollock帮助打破了传统的表现方式的规则，并且使美国成为了一个非常重要的现代艺术中心.

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 该帖于2010年3月9日被版主推荐为精华帖。