U.S. researchers on Monday gave the first shot to the first volunteer in a test for an experimental coronavirus vaccine. Scientists at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle are carrying out the trial.
"We're team coronavirus now," Kaiser Permanente scientist Dr. Lisa Jackson said.
The Associated Press watched the first volunteer, an employee of a small technology company, receive the injection. In total, the trial study will give 45 young, healthy volunteers two doses of the vaccine, one month apart.
Public health officials say it will take 12 to 18 months for a vaccine to be approved.
The vaccine being tested in Seattle was developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the biotechnology company Moderna. There is no chance the volunteers will get sickened from the vaccine; it does not contain the virus.
The goal of the trial is only to make sure the vaccine does not have any worrisome side effects. Once it is proven to be safe, larger trials will begin.
Research groups around the world are working to create a vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus. They are creating different kinds of vaccines. Some are shots developed from new technologies. These are faster to produce than traditional shots and may be stronger. Some research groups are even aiming for temporary vaccines, which would keep people safe for a month or two while longer-lasting protection is developed.
Next month, Inovio Pharmaceuticals will begin testing the safety of its vaccine in the American states of Pennsylvania and Missouri. Similar tests will then take place in China and South Korea.
Even if early tests go well, "you're talking about a year to a year and a half" before any vaccine could be ready for widespread use, said Dr. Anthony Fauci. He is director of the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Vaccine manufacturers are required to do additional studies on thousands of people to be sure a vaccine does not cause harm. But waiting is hard for the fearful public.
U.S. President Donald Trump has been pushing for a vaccine. He recently said that the work is "moving along very quickly" and that he hoped to see a vaccine "soon."
There are no proven treatments for COVID-19. In China, scientists have been experimenting with HIV drugs as well as an experimental drug named remdesivir, which was created to fight Ebola.
In the United States, the University of Nebraska Medical Center also began testing remdesivir in some Americans who were found to have COVID-19.
For most people, the new coronavirus causes mild sickness, including a fever and cough. But for older people and people with serious health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.
The worldwide outbreak has sickened more than 175,000 people and left more 6,000 dead.
I'm Ashley Thompson.
The Associated Press reported this story. Susan Shand adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
Words in This Story
clinical – adj. medical or scientific work done with human beings
dose – n. a prescribed amount of medication
pneumonia – n. a disease of the lungs that makes breathing difficult
outbreak – n. the sudden occurrence of war or disease

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P01U.S. researchers on Monday gave the first shot to the first volunteer in a test for an experimental coronavirus vaccine.
美国科研人员于周一给参加新冠病毒实验疫苗的第一名志愿者打了第一针。 要点
句型总结:to give a shot to sb,给某人打针、接种。
●
coronavirus /kəˈroʊ.nəˌvaɪ.rəs/ n. - 冠状病毒

英解
a type of virus that includes the SARS virus
●
experimental /ɪkˌsperəˈmɛntl̟/ adj. - 实验的;试验的

英解
relating to tests, especially scientific ones
●
shot /ˈʃɑ:t/ n. - 注射;打针;(疫苗)接种

英解
an act of putting something (such as medicine or vaccine) into the body with a needle
●
vaccine /vækˈsiːn/ n. - 疫苗

英解
a substance that is usually injected into a person or animal to protect against a particular disease
●
volunteer /ˌvɑ:lənˈtiɚ/ n. - 志愿者

英解
someone who does something without being forced to do it
P02Scientists at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle are carrying out the trial.
位于西雅图的凯撒医疗机构华盛顿卫生研究所的科学家正在开展试验。 要点
Kaiser Permanente是一个医学机构的名称。动词短语:carry out + sth,开展、进行某事。
●
institute /ˈɪnstəˌtjuːt/ n. - 研究所;学院

英解
an organization created for a particular purpose (such as research or education)
●
research /ˈri:ˌsɚtʃ/ n. - 调查;研究

英解
careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something; the activity of getting information about a subject
●
scientist /ˈsaiəntɪst/ n. - 科学家

英解
a person who is trained in a science and whose job involves doing scientific research or solving scientific problems
●
trial /ˈtrajəl/ n. - 试用;试验

英解
a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable something or someone is
P03"We're team coronavirus now," Kaiser Permanente scientist Dr. Lisa Jackson said.
凯撒医疗机构科学家丽莎-杰克逊博士说:“我们现在是冠状病毒团队。” ●
team /ˈti:m/ n. - 队;组;团队

英解
a group of people who compete in a sport, game, etc., against another group; a group of people who work together
P04The Associated Press watched the first volunteer, an employee of a small technology company, receive the injection.
美联社观看了第一位志愿者,某小型科技公司员工,接受本次注射。 ●
company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. - 公司

英解
a business organization that makes, buys, or sells goods or provides services in exchange for money
●
employee /ɪmˌploɪˈi:, ɪmˈploɪˌi:/ n. - 员工

英解
a person who works for another person or for a company for wages or a salary
●
injection /ɪnˈʤɛkʃən/ n. - 注射

英解
the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle and a syringe (= small tube)
●
receive /rɪˈsi:v/ v. - 接收;得到

英解
to get or be given (something)
词注
引申各种接收的含义。包括接受消息、接受客人(迎接、接待客人)、接受治疗、接收无线电信号、收受脏物。
●
technology /tɛkˈnɑ:ləʤi/ n. - 科技;技术

英解
(the study and knowledge of) the practical, especially industrial, use of scientific discoveries
●
watch /ˈwɑ:tʃ/ v. - 看;观看;收看

P05In total, the trial study will give 45 young, healthy volunteers two doses of the vaccine, one month apart.
本次试验研究总共将给45名年轻、健康的志愿者两剂疫苗,中间隔一个月。 要点
固定搭配:in total,总共。one month apart,中间间隔一个月。
●
apart /əˈpɑɚt/ adv. - (时空)相隔,相距

英解
separated by a distance or by time
●
dose /ˈdoʊs/ n. - 剂量;用量;一剂

英解
a measured amount of something such as medicine
●
healthy /ˈhɛlθi/ adj. - 健康的;有益健康的

英解
having good health; not sick or injured; showing good health; good for your health
●
study /ˈstʌdi/ n. - 调查;研究

英解
the activity of examining a subject in detail in order to discover new information
●
total /ˈtoʊtl̟/ n. - 总数;总共;合计

英解
the amount you get when several smaller amounts are added together
●
young /ˈjʌŋ/ adj. - 年轻的

英解
in an early stage of life, growth, or development; not yet old; recently formed, produced, started, etc.
P06Public health officials say it will take 12 to 18 months for a vaccine to be approved.
公共卫生官员表示,疫苗获批需要12到18个月。 ●
approve /əˈpru:v/ v. - 批准;核准;同意

英解
to accept, allow, or officially agree to something
●
health /ˈhɛlθ/ n. - 卫生;健康;身体状况

英解
the condition of being well or free from disease; the overall condition of someone's body or mind
●
official /əˈfɪʃəl/ n. - 官员

英解
a person who has a position of authority in a company, organization, or government
●
public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. - 公众的;公立的;公开的

英解
of, relating to, or affecting all or most of the people of a country, state, etc.
P07The vaccine being tested in Seattle was developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the biotechnology company Moderna.
正在西雅图测试的这个疫苗由美国国立卫生研究院和生物技术公司Moderna开发。 要点
语法:the vaccine being tested,相当于定语从句,the vaccine (which is) being tested。
●
biotechnology /ˌbajoʊtɛkˈnɑːləʤi/ n. - 生物技术;生物工艺学

英解
the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria, in industrial processes
●
develop /dɪˈvɛləp/ v. - 开发;制定

英解
to invent something or bring something into existence
P08There is no chance the volunteers will get sickened from the vaccine; it does not contain the virus.
志愿者没有因为疫苗得病的可能性,这里面不含病毒。 要点
句型:there is no chance + 陈述句,表达什么事情没有可能发生。
●
chance /ˈtʃæns/ n. - 机会;机遇;可能性

英解
an opportunity to do something; the possibility that something will happen
●
contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. - 包含;容纳

英解
to have something inside or include something as a part
●
sicken /ˈsɪkən/ v. - 生病;得病

英解
to become sick or to cause (someone) to become sick
●
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. - 病毒

英解
an extremely small particle that causes a disease and that spreads from one person or animal to another; a disease or illness caused by a virus
P09The goal of the trial is only to make sure the vaccine does not have any worrisome side effects.
这次试验的目的是确认该疫苗没有任何令人担心的副作用。 要点
句型:make sure that + 从句,确认什么事情。表达习惯:any + 名词时,名词一般用复数。
●
goal /ˈgoʊl/ n. - 目标

英解
something that you are trying to do or achieve
●
side effect n. - 副作用

英解
an unpleasant effect of a drug that happens in addition to the main effect
●
worrisome /ˈwɚrisəm/ adj. - 令人着急的;令人担忧的

英解
causing people to worry
词注
worrisome主要是美式用法,跟worrying是同义词。-some为构词后缀。
P10Once it is proven to be safe, larger trials will begin.
一旦证实它是安全的,就将开始更大规模试验。 要点
学用 once 引导句子,表达“一……就……”
●
once /ˈwʌns/ conj. - 一旦……就

英解
as soon as, or from the moment when
●
prove /ˈpru:v/ v. - 证实;证明

英解
to show the existence, truth, or correctness of (something) by using evidence, logic, etc.
P11Research groups around the world are working to create a vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus.
全球科研机构都在致力于研发新型冠状病毒引起的COVID-19疾病疫苗。 要点
句型:work to do sth,致力于某事。
●
cause /ˈkɑːz/ v. - 促使;引起;使发生

英解
to make (something) happen or exist: to be the cause of (something)
●
create /kriˈeɪt/ v. - 创造;发明

英解
to make something new, or invent something
●
disease /dɪˈzi:z/ n. - 病;疾病

英解
(an) illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident
P12They are creating different kinds of vaccines.
他们正在研发不同种类的疫苗。 ●
different /ˈdɪfrənt/ adj. - 不同的

英解
not of the same kind; partly or totally unlike; not the same; not ordinary or common
P13Some are shots developed from new technologies.
有些是通过新技术研发出来的疫苗。 要点
本句中的shot可以理解为vaccine的同义词。
P14These are faster to produce than traditional shots and may be stronger.
这些疫苗比传统疫苗更快投产,而且效力或许更强。 ●
produce /prəˈdu:s/ v. - 生产;制造

英解
to make (something) especially by using machines
●
traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl̟/ adj. - 传统的

英解
based on a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a particular group, family, society, etc., for a long time
P15Some research groups are even aiming for temporary vaccines, which would keep people safe for a month or two while longer-lasting protection is developed.
有些研究机构甚至以临时疫苗为目标,即在研发更为持久的保护时,保护民众一两个月安全。 要点
实用表达技巧:a month or two,一两个月。衍生一下,一两个小时、一两天等。
●
aim /ˈeɪm/ v. - 瞄准;针对;致力;以…为目标

英解
to point (a weapon) at a target; to point (a device) at something; to have a specified goal or purpose
●
long-lasting /ˌlɑːŋˈlæs.tɪŋ/ adj. - 持续很久的;持久的

英解
continuing for a long period of time
●
protection /prəˈtɛkʃən/ n. - 保护

英解
the state of being protected; something that keeps a person or thing from being harmed, lost, etc.
●
temporary /ˈtɛmpəˌreri/ adj. - 暂时的;临时的

P16Next month, Inovio Pharmaceuticals will begin testing the safety of its vaccine in the American states of Pennsylvania and Missouri.
下个月,Inovio医药公司将开始在美国宾夕法尼亚州和密苏里州测试其疫苗的安全性。 ●
pharmaceutical /ˌfɑɚməˈsuːtɪkəl/ n. - 药品,药物,药剂

词注
一般使用复数形式pharmaceuticals。
●
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. - 安全;安全性

英解
a state in which or a place where you are safe and not in danger or at risk
●
state /ˈsteɪt/ n. - (美国)州;邦

英解
a part of a large country with its own government, such as in Germany, Australia, or the US
P17Similar tests will then take place in China and South Korea.
中国和韩国将进行类似的试验。 ●
similar /ˈsɪməlɚ/ adj. - 相似的;类似的

英解
almost the same as someone or something else
●
test /ˈtɛst/ n. - 试验;检验;测试

P18Even if early tests go well, "you're talking about a year to a year and a half" before any vaccine could be ready for widespread use, said Dr. Anthony Fauci.
安东尼-福西博士称,在任何一种疫苗准备好普遍使用之前,即便早期测试顺利,“你也需要一年到一年半的时间。” 要点
动词短语:go well,进展顺利。注意这里any vaccine用的单数,强调任何一个。口语技巧:you are talking about ... 当你想强调一件事情需要耗费很多的精力、财力时,你可以用这样的句型来表达强调语气。
●
early /ˈɚli/ adj., adv. - 早期;初期;提前;提早

英解
at or near the beginning of a period of time or a process, activity, series, etc.; before the usual or expected time; at or during an early point or stage
●
widespread /ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd/ adj. - 分布广的;普遍的

P19He is director of the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
他是国立卫生研究院国家过敏与传染疾病研究所主任。 ●
allergy /ˈælɚʤi/ n. - 过敏症;反感;厌恶

●
allergy /ˈælɚʤi/ n. - 过敏

英解
a condition that makes a person become sick or develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or been near certain substances
●
director /dəˈrɛktɚ/ n. - 处长;主任;局长;校长

英解
the head of an organized group or administrative unit (as a bureau or school)
词注
director 由动词 direct 变化而来。direct 有领导、指挥的含义,故而 director 即是领导者、指挥者,翻译成中文的话,对应词汇相当广泛,可以用来泛指各个政府机构或事业单位的一把手,比如,厅长、局长、处长、会长、主任等等。
●
infectious /ɪnˈfɛkʃəs/ adj. - 传染的;传染性的

英解
(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another
P20Vaccine manufacturers are required to do additional studies on thousands of people to be sure a vaccine does not cause harm. But waiting is hard for the fearful public.
疫苗生产厂家被要求针对数千人进行更多的研究,以确保疫苗不会带来伤害,但对于担惊受怕的公众,等待艰难。 ●
additional /əˈdɪʃənl̟/ adj. - 额外的;附加的;追加的

英解
more than is usual or expected
●
fearful /ˈfiɚfəl/ adj. - 害怕的;可怕的

●
hard /ˈhɑɚd/ adj., adv. - 困难的;艰难的

●
harm /ˈhɑɚm/ n. - 伤害;损害

●
manufacturer /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚrɚ/ n. - 制造商;制造厂

英解
a company that makes a product
●
public /ˈpʌblɪk/ n. - 公众

●
require /rɪˈkwajɚ/ v. - 需要;要求

英解
to need (something); to make it necessary for someone to do something
●
sure /ˈʃɚ/ adj., adv. - 确定;确保;确信;当然

P21U.S. President Donald Trump has been pushing for a vaccine. He recently said that the work is "moving along very quickly" and that he hoped to see a vaccine "soon."
美国总统唐纳德-特朗普已在推动疫苗研发。最近,他表示,这项工作“进展迅速”,希望“很快”见到疫苗。 要点
语法:has been pushing for,一直在推进某事,现在完成进行时。动词短语:move along,取得进展。
●
push /ˈpʊʃ/ v. - 推动;推进

英解
to use force to move (someone or something) forward or away from you; to cause (something) to be accepted, completed, etc., by making a special effort
●
recently /ˈri:sn̩tli/ adv. - 最近

英解
during the period of time that has just passed; not long ago
●
soon /ˈsu:n/ adv. - 不久;早;快

P22There are no proven treatments for COVID-19.
COVID-19目前没有证明有效的疗法。 ●
treatment /ˈtri:tmənt/ n. - 医治;治疗

英解
the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of an illness or injury
词注
构词规则:-ment 后缀加在动词后面变成名词。偏重于为治疗某种特殊病症而采取的医学疗法,强调用药物等医治的过程及方法。
P23In China, scientists have been experimenting with HIV drugs as well as an experimental drug named remdesivir, which was created to fight Ebola.
在中国,科学家已经开始试验艾滋药物以及一款名为瑞德西韦,原本用来抗埃博拉的药物。 要点
实用表达:as well as + sth,还有什么。
●
drug /ˈdrʌg/ n. - 药品;药物

英解
a substance that is used as a medicine
●
Ebola /ɪˈboʊ.lə/ n. - 埃博拉

英解
a very serious infectious disease with fever and bleeding inside the body
●
experiment /ɪkˈsperəmənt/ v. - 实验;试验

英解
to try something in order to discover what it is like or find out more about it
●
fight /ˈfaɪt/ v. - 抗击;(与…)作斗争

英解
to use a lot of effort to defeat or achieve something, or to stop something happening
●
HIV /ˌeɪtʃ.aɪˈviː/ n. - 艾滋病毒;人体免疫缺损病毒

英解
the virus that causes AIDS (= a serious disease that destroys the body's ability to fight infection)
词注
= human immunodeficiency virus
P24In the United States, the University of Nebraska Medical Center also began testing remdesivir in some Americans who were found to have COVID-19.
在美国,内布拉斯加大学医学中心也开始在被查出患有COVID-19的一些美国人中测试瑞德西韦。 要点
实用表达:begin doing sth,开始做什么。
●
medical /ˈmɛdɪkəl/ adj. - 医学的

英解
of or relating to the treatment of diseases and injuries : of or relating to medicine
●
test /ˈtɛst/ v. - 试验;检验;试用;检测

英解
to do something in order to discover if something is safe, works correctly, etc., or if something is present
P25For most people, the new coronavirus causes mild sickness, including a fever and cough. But for older people and people with serious health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.
对大多数人来说,新型冠状病毒会引起轻症,包括发烧和咳嗽。但对于老人和有严重健康问题的人群,它会导致包括肺炎在内的重病。 要点
反义词:mild和serious或severe。同义词:severe和serious。severe语气更强,severe = very serious。同义词:illness和sickness。
●
cough /ˈkɑ:f/ n. - 咳嗽

英解
the act of coughing, or the sound this makes
●
fever /ˈfi:vɚ/ n. - 发热;发烧

英解
a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than usual and the heart beats very fast
●
illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. - 病;疾病

英解
a disease of the body or mind
●
mild /ˈmajəld/ adj. - 和缓的;温柔的;清微的

英解
not violent, severe, or extreme
●
most /ˈmoʊst/ adj. - 多数的;大多数的

●
pneumonia /nʊˈmoʊnjə/ n. - 肺炎

英解
a serious illness in which one or both lungs become red and swollen and filled with liquid
●
serious /ˈsirijəs/ adj. - 严重的

●
severe /səˈviɚ/ adj. - 非常严重的;惨重的

英解
causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very serious
●
sickness /ˈsɪknəs/ n. - 患病;生病

英解
unhealthy condition of body or mind : the state of being sick
P26The worldwide outbreak has sickened more than 175,000 people and left more 6,000 dead.
全球疫情爆发导致17.5万人染病,6000多人死亡。 要点
使用句型:leave + 数量词 + dead,使多少人死亡。
●
leave /ˈliːv/ v. - 使保持;使保留

英解
to cause (something or someone) to be or remain in a specified condition or position
●
outbreak /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/ n. - (战争、疾病等)爆发

英解
a time when something suddenly begins, especially a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant
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worldwide /ˈwɚldˈwaɪd/ ad. - 全球的;全世界的

英解
happening or existing in all parts of the world
学习提示以上就是本期杂志的全部内容。学习一遍就算完吗?不,走马观花学习是没有效果的!你至少应该学习五遍。第一遍阅读全文看看有没有生词或难以理解的句子。第二遍逐段逐句学习,理解每一句话每个生词。第三遍完整静听配套朗读录音,发现自己的听力生词。第四遍找到生词所在的句子,反复播放让生词变成熟词,提高听力。第五遍,找个时间重新学习,边看正文边听录音,然后再过一遍词汇句型讲解。英语学习无捷径,长期坚持方能成!
